Can u consider a cultivator that have 1200hectares lot is rich?
Question:Answers:
not poor
Other Answers:
Depends on what is done with the arrive
depends on the nouns if productive than rich otherwise very poor ably he can have that much parkland on a desert or New York city. both will have different values...
That would depend on 1) where the home is 2) what the land is dexterous of supporting and 3) what the farmer does near the land.
Generally adjectives land have intrinsic value and self a land owner is better than not owning landscape; however, if the land is vertical, rocky, arid or unqualified to produce anything then the importance goes down.
No......it depends how use full land is and what turnover he is getting from 1200 hectares.
why do comanies contribute pay envelope raise?
Question:doing a paper on productivity and why companies tender raises, inconstant pay shcemesAnswers:
The principal reason companies make a contribution pay raise is to boost the morale of their employees. They usually award them base on performance, consequently they can get the most out of those beside the most potential by rewarding their increased productivity with an increase surrounded by pay.
Other Answers:
Because of inflation. Else in that would raise merely when you are promoted. Basically inflation icreases the rate of a position and not the person. Other factor is motivation and reward.
when cost of living go up most people see more raise.
Don't you expect what famine contained by our nurture system is to train Financial Education ?
Question:Due to the subject of Financial Literacy not being qualified in our arts school system , we face the problems of copious poeple retiring with insufficient money to see them through their "golden age".What will be the best solution.?Answers:
I totally agree near you! I remember when I was surrounded by high academy, bookkeeping and finance subjects be classes that were "electives". I focus that ALL students should be required to take some sort of nouns class that at least teach them how to balance a checkbook, budgeting, what a mortgage is, etc.
my grill may not kind ne sense but if within r ne accountants/accounting majors out near pls look further..
Question:n class, we learned to do memoir entries, jus the last couple days we've intellectual periodic n perpetual adjust journal entries. surrounded by my homework it is asking after we complete the periodic/perp. ntries to do the whole T ledger,T story (whatever), is that ne diff than what we learned to do after the regular monthly entries, i guess whatever get us to our trial balances???????Answers:
Yes
what should i do? i am so desprate for money but i hold almost not time for work!?
Question:i go to a community college and and enjoy an intership from a state rep. so i have almost no time for worl i would be working some 15 hours at most if i did work and thats lwith no study time for me. is at hand any thing i can do to put together a small amount of money from home? i though about writing but its almost imnpossable to catch published, though about selling drugs but i hvae no intrest surrounded by the crap, i dispise street racers so thats out even though i have a rapid little sports car. the solely other thing i can consider about is contract massacre. i know i can do it with out any guilt but near no formal trainning in covoring my tracks adjectives though it cant be too hard. i also dont want to risk going to jaill. but if i enjoy have to risk jaill to bring some money then ok. but put in the picture me some other things to try befor i do that.Answers:
·Hey, today there are copious ways in which you can work from home and work online part/full time on your computer and earn extra money in need being duped by frauds and scams–
Online information entry,
Medical/general transcription,
write articles,
sell on eBay,
construct a website,
take surveys..
and much much more..and adjectives of these options do not stipulation any kind of investment ever!
There are international positions-ANYONE FROM ANYWHERE IN WORLD CAN DO MANY INVESTMENT FREE JOBS!
REMEMBER-ANY COMPANY THAT ASKS YOU TO PAY FOR A JOB IS A SCAM!
more details at-
http://www.pcworkathome.web
Other Answers:
Sell **** on ebay or become a drug dealer
sperm donor!! YAY! get loans...reward for them when u get out of conservatory and start working.
live with a ethnic group...agree to do some chores/helping the children...in exchange for room/board or merely room.
Surely you aren't serious roughly dabbling contained by illegal deeds? If you are I see no point in you continuing your background because you must be a fool and no amount of education will shift a fool. You have to swot up there is no such entity as easy money.
If you really call for the cash so defectively it sounds like you will have need of to assess your life. Although an internship may be a great opportunity, possibly you should drop it so you have time for a pying career. Or look at cutting down on your classes (can you dance part time) so you own time for work.
In calculation to being a sperm doner, you can donate blood and ... ahh it a short time ago slipped my brain... but go to a blood ridge and they will let you know what you can donate.. the entry I am thinking of.. they actually pay cheque you cash. You can collect and recycle can, walk dogs, kid sit, help an elderly human being do some chores, tutor, or if worse comes to worse, find a busy intersection and make yourself a nice sign that will receive people enjoy pity on you... get a small cup.. and sit. $1/ stop street light X 25 stop lights... not bad money. Even if respectively stoplight lasted 2 minutes.. you hold still spent less than an hour making $25! Good Luck!
What is EAU Quantity and Quantity Breaks within business?
Question:Answers:
quantity breaks have to do with the quantity at which which customer orders are discounted. See the relationship below. I think EAU is "Estimated Annual Units/Usage"
what is companies audit report establish 2003?
Question:details of CAROAnswers:
Visit (Copy & paste the total text surrounded by your address bar)
http://www.shashikanth.net/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=145&FORUM_ID=9&CAT_ID=8&Forum_Title=General&Topic_Title=Companies+%28Audit+Report+%29+Order+2003
Has anyone have fruitless luck buying past its sell-by date of eBay?
Question:More and more sellers are misrepresenting second-hand goods or overcharging shipping to make up for selling fees, and it's getting outrageous. I've be with eBay for years, and I'm prepared to quit because it seems close to they've got too big to lift care of individuals anymore. Their claim file process takes forever and is mostly a series of automated messages, so it is a moment ago about worthless. Any thinking about how to receive people together and complain to them so perchance they would listen to a group as opposed to basically one individual?Answers:
As both a buyer and a seller, I can notify you that it's still a great place to do business! Check a seller's feedback before you bid. If they've be treating folks right, it'll show up here. When buying, I also try to stay away from the big business sellers and find individuals. I've received more personalized and friendly service near the individual sellers.
Check out some nifty concept, tips 'n tricks for buying & selling on eBay, and find links to helpful sites:
http://www.themainsail.net/helppg.html.....
Other Answers:
no
Unfortunately, this one guy get my money order, cashed it, and next had the audacity to say-so he didn't get it. Yes, it does appear they have gotten too big to touch just individuals. Wish I could assist!!
My very first purchase be for a lot of board books for toddlers described as "kindly used." The items arrived 2 months later and their condition can single be described as "trash." I cannot for the life of me allow my kid to touch those tattered and totally dirty books.
My second one was closely of vintage postcards. The lot was contained by poor condition, unlike the seller's description of very correct postcards. What creeped me out was that they be wrapped in an grown diaper! Unused, but nonetheless adult diapers -- the furthest thing contained by my mind that would be used as a product wrapper. I guess the seller cannot even afford to buy bubbles!
So far so biddable and I use it ALOT......Really only 1 problem so far and I cant appointment that a problem yet of late a slooooow shipper...GL
Go into the forums that they have and post a topic something like it...maybe it will block on
yes my son did he be fixing to buy a motorcycle and found out the bike didn't belong to the person selling it
have a problem with someone that didnt read my shipping restrictions--got him booted stale ebay HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA he deserved it
No problems I love ebay
I don't know what the answer is either but something wishes to be done. I purchaced an item and never recieved it. I reported it to ebay and the seller is no longer on ebay and I've not recieved my money fund.
Your best bet is to check the sellers feedback (same for buyers if you are selling). I own never been burned by a dealer, but some of them are horribly slow at shipping. They are usually the ones who have statements indicating clearing must be made within 3 days, blah, blah...
Buyers in opposition, are making it miserable to sell on at hand. I will not accept a bid anymore from anyone next to less than 10 feedbacks, and those 10 better be posititive.. and unquestionably no one next to an AOL email address. It takes more or less a month to get a reimbursement of the seller fees from ebay when these losers don't money and never log on again. I think I would be better past its sell-by date renting space at the local flea market than messing beside ebay.
Yes, I used to buy more but as lof the last two years, something like 1/4 of all my purchases enjoy been fruitless.
I have have one book recieved in completely non usable condition ( and they would not do any refund) I have a cup that was never shipped after man paid, I did acquire some money back because I have ebay insurance boughtt but the seller never did kind it good.
I have another cup mis represented, but decided to keep hold of it anyway,
I had a computer that be just cast-offs when I got it surrounded by, they seller finally replaced it but it be a real hassle
i newly had my first unpromising experience about a week ago. tell about a total a**hole. i won the auction and i wait forever and ever to get my stuff surrounded by the mail. he said he mail it "right away" but i checked the postmark and he waited more than 2 weeks after verified giving to send it past its sell-by date. after opening the box it the items be covered in dirt and dust, it be nasty. so i disappeared him negative feedback, solitary stating the facts and this big baby ruined my 100 percent and departed me negative feedback clich i was a cheat and resorted to name calling approaching a child!
what is cmm plane. describe contained by detail.?
Question:I am software developer and want to know about cmm height. to improve my software developemnent technic. and the method my company follow.Answers:
see charts at http://www.stsc.hummock.af.mil/crosstalk/1997/11/cmm5sepg.asp
In July 1996, the Boeing Space Transportation Systems (STS) organization achieve a Level 5 rating using the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) Software (SW) Capability Maturity Model (CMM). The operations of the organizational Software Engineering Process Group (SEPG) be instrumental to this achievement. Through tons challenges face by the SEPG, we learned what practices be essential. Success of an SEPG depends on a charter based on continuous process promotion, empowerment and real authority to engineer a difference, and a team that includes knob leads and domain experts from the projects.
he road to successful process reorganization requires a clear understanding of the challenge ahead for the SEPG. Many organizations believe the crack will be straightforward and too often judgment it in powered terms in need addressing innovative problems that will be encountered. We hold identified 15 areas that can provide unique challenge for the SEPG. All need to be address by organizations; however, establishing the right description of SEPG should be the first priority.
The most common mistake associated near establishing the SEPG is that it is set up and chartered to prepare for and support an assessment or series of assessments. When the assessment is completed, the SEPG falters because the driving force is gone. The solution is to charter an SEPG base on continuous process improvement, and provide it indisputable authority to make a difference.
The second most adjectives mistake associated with establishing the SEPG is setting it up as an "outside group" separate from the project engineers. This characteristics of SEPG consists of full-time process people who recurrently do not understand the processes currently man performed within the organization. They instead make clear to the engineers what the processes will be. The solution to this problem is to assign members to the SEPG that include the push button leads and domain experts from the projects contained by the organization. Institutionalization occur quickly when the process owners fashion the decisions give or take a few their processes.
The Challenges
Let us begin next to an example. Like many organization, Boeing uses integrated product teams (IPT) to build products. While looking at a foreign project's established team structure, we asked the give somebody the third degree, "Who is responsible for software processes across the project?" It became adjectives that in this squad structure, no one be responsible for software process or technical issues that crossed squad boundaries. We decided to implement a software working group beside representatives from each squad that had software responsibilities. This software working group next acted as the primary interface between the project and the organizational SEPG concerning process issues. We had only resolved another of the challenges face by our SEPG.
Using lessons bookish from the STS SEPG operations, we identified 15 challenge that are likely to be encounter by our SEPGs. We have grouped these challenge into three areas.
People Issues
Consistent with our philosophy, we prospect process improvement, first, as a human issue. Challenges surrounded by this group include
Obtaining sponsorship from all level of management, ensure that everyone understands how long it take to realize benefits (two to three years is not unrealistic).
Ensuring that realistic goal are established.
Dealing with cultural modify issues that lead to individual resistance.
Managing the assumption that everyone automatically understand processes and knows what process increase is about.
Adapting to the special problems that spanking new team environments pose to process enrichment efforts.
Process
These challenge include
Establishing the SEPG.
Capturing "as-is" rather than "to-be" processes initially.
Realizing the plus of process evidence.
Interpreting SW-CMM key practices.
Developing process assets that can be deployed to start-up programs vigorously.
In some cases, helping the organization bring in the transition to a more formal view of assessment if they have been using the Software Process Assessment method previously.
Assets
The third group of challenge focuses on problems related to process assets. These challenges include
Implementation of organizational policies and the appropriate rank of such policies.
Compliance to company or industry standards.
Mechanisms for making these process assets readily available to the users. Web-based technology allow us to quickly provide information, but company policies associated near this technology produce many roadblocks next to which the SEPG must deal.
We can lone touch upon these challenges contained by this article; these challenges and more are fully explored surrounded by Chapter 13 of the Handbook of Software Quality Assurance, 3rd ed., to be published in the November 1997 time frame [1]. More key, we focus on the right practices for an SEPG to effectively manage these challenge.
The Right Charter
The successful practices of our Boeing STS SEPG have provided a model explicitly now used to train SEPGs contained by other Boeing organizations. An SEPG next to a charter based on continuous process rise will perform tasks similar to those shown contained by Figure 1. These tasks cover SEPG activities from the genesis of a project through a Level 5 maturity; however, we train SEPGs to instigate all of these tasks at the earliest possible stages of a project.
Figure 1. SEPG tasks.
Some organization have argued that lots of these processes can be performed by society or groups other than the SEPG. We enjoy found that the process activities contained by these organizations are not resourcefully coordinated, and visibility is marginal. Having all of the right general public involved in process decision reduces conflict, optimizes schedule, and provides optimal visibility. We find that an SEPG empowered to execute these tasks satisfies these concerns and supports complex maturity processes much better.
Process Definition
The SEPG is responsible to document software processes used by organizational software personnel. Process documentation satisfy four key requests:
Enables the organization to act and repeat successful work.
Preserves lessons well-read on organizational programs.
Facilitates and enhances training.
Evaluates and compares existing and proposed processes.
Software processes within many organization can be documented in multiple ways, such as company software standards and guidelines or project software process procedures. The SEPG reviews company software standards and guidelines to recommend change and to identify software process procedures that need to be prepared. Software personnel from the appropriate functional nouns (which can be anyone in the organization) should be assigned to prepare software process procedures, which the SEPG afterwards reviews. The key to nouns for this task is to appropriation the "as-is" process, good or unpromising. This description becomes the argument for improvement. If this step is skipped and a "better" process is defined, it will be difficult to show institutionalization of the documented process.
Process Change Management
Proposed improvements to existing software process procedures should be impelled and may be submitted by any organizational employee. The SEPG reviews the proposed transfer, acting as a change review board. The role of the SEPG surrounded by this process evolves as the organization mature. It may begin by merely approving or disapproving proposed improvements made by process owners. As the system matures and significant process notes is available, the SEPG can use this data to predict exchange impacts and thereby muddle through change more effectively.
There also are multiple methods to control change. One approach is to use a formal change broadsheet system, similar to software problem reports used for software changes. The formal procedures already defined for a software configuration government system could be used to manage such a amend paper system; however, we found such procedures excessive. Rather, we agree to the SEPG approve changes brought by process owners, near the process owners ensuring change are defined and implemented. A history is maintain by a change history page associated near each procedure.
Technology Insertion
The SEPG reviews potential technology improvements for applicability to the organizational software processes. These potential technology improvements may be identified by main engineering organizations, customers, or industry or from the organizational technology loose change management endeavours. The results and recommendations are provided to the SEPG, which select technologies to implement contained by the organization.
Once a screening is made, the SEPG follows a series of steps to ensure successful insertion of the improved technology. For more significant technology improvements, a pilot project is conducted. This pilot project provides sensible insight into expected results, potential problems to consider, and training needs. The SEPG is afterwards prepared to define credible plans for insertion.
Process Evaluation
The SEPG reviews and analyzes performance height data used by respectively program to support quantitative control of the processes. This analysis establishes and maintains a process expertise baseline to be used by future organizational programs. Implementations of respectively process are assessed to evaluate how well respectively process satisfies its purpose, consistent next to organizational goals. In supplement, quantitative analysis of the processes per documented procedures is performed as the consortium matures to identify further potential process improvements. If a process is not stodgy its stated purpose or additional improvements are identified, change to the process are proposed to the SEPG.
Training
The SEPG can support organizations that provide software personnel and software-related groups near the necessary training to execute all phases of deep-rooted software product development. The residence "software personnel" encompasses software practitioners, software support personnel and software regulation, e.g., software quality assurance. The SEPG have overall responsibility to train software personnel. This process includes preparing a training plan, maintaining training archives, and preparing training materials when necessary.
Process Improvement Support
The SEPG establishes and maintain a set of software process assets for use by organizational projects to define and restore software processes. These software process assets include a software process library, software measurement background, lessons knowledgeable, and references to other sources of related information.
Assessment
The SEPG is responsible for preparations important to support assessments. These may include internal self- assessments (which the SEPG may also perform) and formal assessments such as CMM-Based Assessment for Internal Process Improvement, Software Capability Evaluations, Software Development Capability Evaluations, or Software Development Capability/Capacity Reviews. If the preparation activities are significant, this endeavour should be managed as a project. Once the assessment is complete, the SEPG follows up by preparing and implement action plans developed for respectively finding.
Empowerment
Many organizations own encountered the following scenario. An SEPG appointment is held where process change are identified, and it appears that the right people are on the troop to discuss the issues associated with respectively change. However, adjectives decisions agreed upon are adjectives until they can be discussed with the software official and final approval is obtained. Do you draw from an uneasy feeling that this troop is not truly empowered?
The STS SEPG operate differently. The software manager be part of the troop; however, decisions be made by the team. Proposals be made, issues were discussed concerning potential impact, facts and data be used in the process, and consensus be reached concerning the direction to budge. Right or wrong, the software manager consent to the team clear the decisions. The practitioners know that they truly owned their processes. The team member were competent to learn through this process and incorporate curriculum learned as they matured along near the organization.
As we looked at how these different team operate, we have tried to encapsulate those characteristics that gross SEPG empowerment successful. These characteristics include
The team's scope is clearly bounded through a well-written charter.
The team's devotion includes those with a vested interest contained by the outcome.
The team's decisions require no further approval when acting in its charter.
The team have facts and data upon which to foot decisions.
Team member are accountable for completing.
When the SEPG operations are consistent beside these characteristics, institutionalization occurs much more in the blink of an eye. Team members know they are the originator of their processes and that they can change them briskly when necessary. It is easier to maintain the documented process and actual practice consistent. Not only is institutionalization achieve more quickly, it is far more predictable to be sustained over time. There is a tendency for organization to backslide after a maturity smooth is achieved. If the practitioners own the processes and get the decisions, this backslide is smaller number likely to come about. Empowerment is one of the keys to institutionalization.
The Team
The SEPG manage the process assets across an organization. Members of the SEPG should include the switch leads and domain experts from adjectives projects in the consortium. These are the people who "own" the processes. The SEPG is not an outside group that tell the engineers how to do their job. Figure 2 shows an example SEPG makeup for a medium-size union. As you can see, all push button functions associated with software nouns are represented.
Figure 2. Example SEPG.
This is straightforward for a small- or medium-size organization. However, as the shop becomes larger, the functioning of this sort of SEPG becomes smaller amount practical. A multilevel structure of SEPGs becomes critical. We have established an SEPG at the Information, Space, and Defense Systems Group rank that consists of the program SEPG focal points. This SEPG takes on two roles: (1) to facilitate communication across the projects surrounded by the organization, and (2) to whip ownership of process assets that apply to all projects. We are even re-examining this structure surrounded by light of the Boeing and McDonnell-Douglas merger. An SEPG as described above may be too substantial to manage effectively, and we may stipulation some kind of SEPG function at the division horizontal. Whatever we implement, though, the membership of these SEPGs must be dominated by practitioners from the projects. An SEPG that consists of practitioner process owners is also one of the key to institutionalization.
Conclusion
Our experiences have confirmed that an SEPG as described here is important to a maturing organization, as envisioned by the developers of the SW-CMM. An SEPG will be successful when
Sponsorship is provided from adjectives levels of direction.
The SEPG is chartered for long-term process improvement.
SEPG member are the process owners.
The SEPG understands its shifting role as an organization mature.
Process improvement is manage.
The organization view an assessment as a vehicle for further process improvement.
The role of the SEPG have evolved as our organizations own matured. As more Boeing organizations operate at difficult maturity level, we will continue to look at what is beyond. As we do, our SEPGs will credible evolve further and incorporate additional practices
George Yamamura is the software engineering process overseer of Boeing's Information, Space & Defense Systems (ISDS), in Seattle, Wash. He manage the STS software development and its hard work that led to an SEI CMM Level 5 rating. He have 30 years software experience in the space application paddock. He currently supports Boeing programs and works on deployment of best practices. He has a bachelor's and a master's amount in aeronautics and astronautics from the University of Washington and a master's scope in applied reckoning from the University of Santa Clara.
Boeing Information, Space & Defense Systems
P.O. Box 3999, MS 87-67
Seattle, WA 98124-2499
Voice: 253-773-3762
Fax: 253-773-2806
E-mail: george.yamamura@boeing.com
Gary B. Wigle is the senior principal engineer for software processes surrounded by Boeing's ISDS in Seattle, Wash. He have more than 20 years experience in deep-seated software applications, both in the Air Force and at Boeing. He be the SEPG lead for STS as it consummate an SEI CMM Level 5 rating. He has be a leader within the development of the Boeing software standards and abundant other process improvement pains. He has a bachelor's scope in physics from the U.S. Air Force Academy and a master's amount in systems command from the Air Force Institute of Technology.
Boeing Information, Space & Defense Systems
P.O. Box 3999, MS 82-52
Seattle, WA 98124-2499
Voice: 253-773-4856
Fax: 253-773-2806
E-mail: gary.b.wigle@boeing.com
see charts at http://www.stsc.hill.af.mil/crosstalk/1997/11/cmm5sepg.asp
If the average American is have a strong time making ends group, why doesn't the stock mkt. imitate it?
Question:Are the big money boys making a lot sour the market which dosen't echo the true economy?Do you dream up the figures on the state of the cutback are rigged to keep the flea market at a high plane?Answers:
The stock market is not going to echo how individual families are fare. The market shows whether or not companies that are down are profitable. Sure you could say citizens are buying products left and right because the big companies are making money, but it does not really echo what an individual or family's income and financial situation is like. The cutback of the country, yes, but not individually.
Other Answers:
The stock market, I assume you meand the Dow Jones Average- is not a mesuring stick for the perosnal budgets of individuals. People may not gross ends meet because they spend too much-that would surrounded by fact inflate the flea market in some cases as more money is man spent and the corporations are making more and then trading better.
Then you can see in the retirement accounts of the tot boomers. Much of the stock market is institutionally held, mutual funds and allowance plans. NO, those are not reflective of the individual. Even baby boomers head into retirement are still just three paychecks away from collapse.
what processes does gold ingots pinch from mine to the jewelry's?
Question:Answers:
Mining, leaching, smelting, refining, then you any go to cast, finishing or rolling, slitting, stamping, finishing.
Each of these steps has several sub steps. You may want to contact The World Gold Council, they may own a brochure on what you are looking for.
http://www.gold.org
Oneunder
what is culture? where on earth does it come from?
Question:Answers:
that's still a mystery buddy.. ppl are still working on it!
Other Answers:
It's one of those philosophical questions... does speech create culture or vice versa... the jury is still out on it.
Culture is certain conduct or rituals that are particularly found inwardly a group.
Im 75 years antediluvian and I want to invest my 200k into something worthwhile. Does anyone hold an belief or business?
Question:Answers:
with something that colossal I would strongly recommend you talk to a professional. A Financial Adviser would readily help you. I intuitively recommend that you put your money into a low risk IRA with steady returns range from 4-5% a year. You would easily bring within about $10,000 a year that route. Or you can invest into a medium risk fund and bring surrounded by about 7-9%. You enjoy to remember that with sophisticated returns bring harder falls when the bear open market is in full swing. Consider you investments favourably as you have allot riding on your dosh machine that you own done such a good opening saving. Congrats to that by the route. Once again talk to a professional here are allot of options out at hand you just own to find the one that was made for you.
*****By the path... Gold wont double in two years I promise you that. And silver will definetly not be worth 10x its expediency... I would say marginal gain at best.******
Other Answers:
buy properties
Invest in Gold and it will double surrounded by two years and if it is Silver then it will shoot up to ten times from very soon before 31.12.2007
impart it to me, please ....
Find a licesnsed land surveyor and fashion him the officer of a surveying company that you own. Then invest in the up-to-the-minute GPS system. Topcon Hyperlite would be my choice. There is a great demand for this type of map in the US. The system will foot for itself in 6 months or so and if you hold a good surveyor within charge and a good marketing expert, the policy work will make the business worth millions in 5 years. I have already see this happen, so I know it works.
You're 75 and you approaching to invest 200k into something worthwhile, I would say a franchise business, mutual fund, bonds, unadulterated estate property or anything that would have lower risk of investment. Of course, you could run for stocks, but considering your age factor, you dont want to risk it all of your 200k. Talk to your personal nouns planner, some will give you terribly sound advices.
Find something next to a fast ROI, unless you want to set out something to your family when you're gone. I wouldn't be in motion for gold or silver, and noticeably not for property since the prices are still too high. You could try biotechnologies.
what is an appropriate finders duty percentage for an introduction to a potential angel investor?
Question:amount of raise is somewhere $1,000,000 to 5,000,000potential investor and broker are foriegn are unknown to me.
Answers:
There are three components to this answer: the first is that the 'standard' percentage are based on something call the Lehman Formula, developed many years ago by Lehman Bros. for investment bank services. It calls for 6% for deal under $1 million, 5% on 1st million, 4% on second, 3% on third, 2% on fourth and 1% thereafter.
The second portion, though, is that 'Finders Fees' as such are actually unjust under US SEC regulations UNLESS the finder is an SEC-registered Broker/Dealer. While nearby are scads of people taking such fees adjectives the time, don't kid yourself (and don't be fast-talked into believing) that it is truly legit, because it isn't. Deals can be rescinded, and people can be fined (or even sent to lock up, although it rarely happens) for doing this category of stuff.
The third and final part, however, is something that (a) you are not going to want to hear and (b) you won't believe me when I put in the picture you, but (c) is unfortunately true. And specifically that without knowing anything excluding the two lines you wrote in your interrogate, I am 99.5% sure that you are being scammed. Unknown foreign brokers simply do not show up next to money from unknown foreign investors for early stage US companies...no event how much you would wish to believe that they do. Sight unseen, I would push for you to run, not walk, away from this transaction.
If you are looking for angel investments, check out one or more of the 200+ lawful angel groups in the US. The best place to find them is from the pattern site of the not-for-profit Angel Capital Association (see below.) Good luck!
Other Answers:
I would start at 3% cash, 3% stock... negotiate from that.
What is the best definition of Energy crisis?
Question:There was an Energy Crisis surrounded by California in 2001Answers:
When the power plants or power sources can't provide ample for the demand. In California, they have rolling blackouts because they couldn't deliver enough activeness.
Other Answers:
When equipment is unable to run because of a denial of energy nearby is a crisis.
California electricity crisis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The California electricity crisis (also certain as the Western Energy Crisis) of 2000 and 2001 followed a failed partial-deregulation, contained by 1996, of the electricity market surrounded by the state. The energy crisis be characterised by a combination of extremely high prices and rolling blackouts. Price instability and spikes last from May 2000 to September 2001. Rolling blackouts began within June 2000 and recurred several times surrounded by the following 12 months.
Chronology [1]
1996 California begins to loosen controls on its zest market and take measures to increase competition.
April 1998 Spot market for dash begins operation.
May 2000 Significant heartiness price rises.
June 14, 2000 Blackouts affect 97,000 customers in San Francisco Bay nouns.
August 2000 San Diego Gas & Electric Company files a complaint alleging manipulation of the markets.
January 17-18, 2001 Blackouts affect several hundred thousand customers.
January 17, 2001 Governor Davis declare a state of emergency.
March 19-20, 2001 Blackouts affect 1.5 million customers.
April 2001 Pacific Gas & Electric Co. files for bankruptcy.
May 7-8, 2001 Blackouts affect upwards of 167,000 customers.
September 2001 Energy prices normalize.
December 2001 Following the ruin of Enron, it is alleged that energy prices be manipulated by Enron.
February 2002 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission begin investigation of Enron's involvement.
Winter 2002 The Enron Tapes scandal begins to surface.
November 13, 2003 Governor Davis ends the state of emergency.
Causes
[edit]
Controversy
There have been considerable controversy over whether the liveliness crisis was the result of pure swings of supply and demand or of spiteful manipulation of the market by several companies. Controversy have been especially strong because these issues own been perceived to cooperation up to wider moral and political issues such as the rightness of market deregulation itself.
On one side of the debate, Susan Pope writes of the make happen as "a perfect storm, contained by which a number of unfavorable demand/supply events improbably coincided, prime to increases in electricity prices".[2] The Enron Tapes, while shocking, show that companies be attempting to manipulate the flea market during this "perfect storm", but singular a detailed investigation could show that these attempts succeeded. Even then, the issue remains as to what proportion of the crisis can be attributed to the "superlative storm" and what proportion to market manipulation.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission concluded surrounded by 2003:[3]
"...supply-demand imbalance, flawed bazaar design and inconsistent rules made possible significant market manipulation as delineate in final investigation report. Without underlying marketplace dysfunction, attempts to manipulate the marketplace would not be successful."
"...many trading strategies employed by Enron and other companies violated the anti-gaming provisions..."
"Electricity prices surrounded by California’s spot markets be affected by financial withholding and inflated price bidding, in sacrilege of tariff anti-gaming provisions."
[edit]
Supply and demand
In the 1970's, California have decided to shutting down the development of nuclear get-up-and-go. Following this decision, California ruined to develop sufficient in-state electricity generation dimensions and came to depend within part on the introduction of excess hydroelectricity from the Pacific Northwest states of Oregon and Washington. Legislation relating to clean nouns standards resulted in in-state electricity colleagues depending on natural gas, which associated together the gas and electricity markets. Rapid growth contained by demand for electricity, resulting from strong financial growth, ate into any excess capacity remaining surrounded by the system. In the summer of 2000 two events combined to worsen the situation: a drought in the North West states, and a huge increase in the price of innate gas.
[edit]
Regulation and deregulation
The deregulation of the California energy bazaar was supported by both party in the California legislature and signed into tenet by then-Governor Pete Wilson in 1996. Then-state senator Steve Peace be the chair of the zest committee and the author of the bill that caused deregulation, and is regularly credited as "the father of deregulation".
Part of California's deregulation process, which was promoted as a medium of increasing competition, involved the partial divestiture in March 1998 of electricity contemporaries stations by the incumbent utilities, who were still responsible for electricity distribution and be competing with independents surrounded by the retail market. A total of 40% of installed dimensions - 20,164 megawatts - was sold to what be called "independent power producers." These included Mirant, Reliant, Williams, Dynegy, and AES.
Then, surrounded by 2000, wholesale prices were deregulated, but retail prices be regulated for the incumbents as part of a agreement with the regulator, allowing the brand new power producers to recover the cost of assets that would be stranded as a result of greater competition.
When electricity wholesale prices exceeded retail prices, come to an end user demand be unaffected, but the incumbent utility companies still have to purchase power, albeit at a loss. This allowed independent producers to manipulate prices surrounded by the electricity market by withholding electricity social group, arbitraging the price between internal generation and import (interstate) power, and causing artificial nouns constraints. This was a procedure referred to as "gaming the marketplace." In economic language, the incumbents who were still subject to retail price cap were face with inelastic constraint. They were powerless to pass the sophisticated prices on to consumers without approval from the public utilities commission. The artificial incumbents were Southern California Edison (SCE) and Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E). Pro-privatization advocate insist the cause of the problem be that the regulator still held too much control over the market, and true souk processes were stymied — whereas opponent of deregulation simply assert that the fully regulated system had worked impeccably well for 40 years, and that deregulation created an opportunity for unscrupulous speculators to wreck a viable system.
Prior to deregulation, the electricity open market in California be largely in private hand. The main players be PG&E, SCE, and San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E). The problems arose from an inefficient deregulation of the market. Ownership of indisputable power stations was transferred contained by order to increase competition contained by the wholesale market. In return for divesting some of their power stations the key utilities negotiated a operation to protect them from their assets being stranded. Part of this buy and sell involved price caps for retail customers.
[edit]
Market manipulation
As the FERC report concluded, bazaar manipulation was with the sole purpose possible as a result of the complex market design produced by the process of partial deregulation. Manipulation strategies be known to vim traders under name such as "Fat Boy", "Death Star", "Forney Perpetual Loop", "Ricochet", "Ping Pong", "Black Widow", "Big Foot", "Red Congo", "Cong Catcher" and "Get Shorty".[4] Some of these have be extensively investigated and described in reports.
Megawatt launder is the term, analogous to money launder, coined to describe the process of obscuring the true origins of specific quantity of electricity being sold on the verve market. The California force market allowed for price distinctions between electricity produced in-state and out-of-state. It be therefore advantageous to bring in it appear that electricity was individual generated somewhere save for its true origin.
Overscheduling is a permanent status used in describing the manipulation of transporting electricity along power lines. Power lines enjoy a defined maximum load. Lines must be booked (or scheduled) surrounded by advance for transporting bought-and-sold quantity of electricity. "Overscheduling" means a planned reservation of more line usage than is in fact required and can create the appearance that the power lines are congested. Overscheduling was one of the building blocks of a few scams. For example, the Death Star group of scam played on the market rules which required the state to clear "congestion fees" to alleviate congestion on major power lines. "Congestion fees" be a variety of financial incentives aimed at ensure power providers solved the congestion problem. But in the Death Star scenario, the congestion be entirely illusory and the congestion fees would therefore simply increase profits.
In a note sent from David Fabian to Senator Boxer in 2002, it be alleged that:
"There is a single connection between northern and southern California's power grids. I hear that Enron traders purposely overbooked that line, afterwards caused others to obligation it. Next, by California's free-market rules, Enron was allowed to price-gouge at will."[5]
[edit]
Consequences of wholesale price rises on the retail flea market
As a result of the actions of electricity wholesalers, Southern California Edison (SCE) and Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) be buying from a spot market at markedly high prices but be unable to tilt retail rates. PG&E and SoCalEd had racked up $20 Billion within debt by Spring of 2001 (PG&E declared bankruptcy surrounded by April of that year), and their credit ratings were reduced to unwanted items status. The financial crisis meant that PG&E and SoCalEd be unable to purchase power on behalf of their customers. The state stepped surrounded by on January 17, 2001, having the California Department of Water Resources buy power. By February 1, 2001 this stop-gap method had be extended and would also include SDG&E. It would not be until January 1, 2003 that the utilities would resume procuring power for their customers.
Between 2000 and 2001, the combined California utilities laid off 1,300 workers, from 56,000 to 54,700, within an effort to remain solvent. San Diego have worked through the stranded asset provision and was surrounded by a position to increase prices to reflect the spot marketplace. Small businesses were feebly affected.
[edit]
The involvement of Enron
One of the perkiness wholesalers that became scandalous for "gaming the market" and reaping huge speculative profits be Enron Corporation. Enron CEO Ken Lay mocked the efforts by the California State organization to thwart the practices of the energy wholesalers, dictum, "In the final analysis, it doesn't matter what you crazy those in California do, because I get smart guys who can always integer out how to make money."[6]
S. David Freeman, Chairman of the California Power Authority at the time of the crisis, made the following statements nearly Enron's involvement in nouns submitted before the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on May 15, 2002:
"There is one fundamental lesson we must revise from this experience: electricity is really different from everything else. It cannot be stored, it cannot be seen, and we cannot do lacking it, which makes opportunity to take supremacy of a deregulated market relentless. It is a public good that must be protected from private swearing. If Murphy’s Law were written for a open market approach to electricity, then the imperative would state “any system that can be gamed, will be gamed, and at the worst possible time.” And a market approach for electricity is inherently gameable. Never again can we allow private interests to create artificial or even actual shortages and to be in control."
"Enron stood for inscrutability and a lack of responsibility. In electric power, we must hold openness and companies that are responsible for keeping the lights on. We have need of to go vertebrae to companies that own power plants with clear responsibilities for selling physical power under long-term contracts. There is no place for companies approaching Enron that own the equivalent of an electronic telephone book and spectator sport the system to extract an unnecessary middleman’s profits. Companies with power plants can compete for contracts to provide the bulk of our power at probable prices that reflect costs. People enunciate that Governor Davis has be vindicated by the Enron confession."
Enron eventually went bust, and Ken Lay is facing multiple criminal charges unrelated to the California energy crisis.
[edit]
Handling of the crisis
[edit]
Governor Gray Davis
Gray DavisPerhaps the heaviest point of controversy is the interview of blame for the California electricity crisis. Former Governor Gray Davis' critics often charge that he did not respond properly to the crisis, while his defender attribute the crisis solely to the corporate accounting scandals and speak that Davis did all he could.
In a speech at UCLA on August 19, 2003, Davis apologized for man slow to act during the vitality crisis, but then forcefully attacked the Houston-based dynamism suppliers: "I inherited the strength deregulation scheme which put us adjectives at the mercy of the big energy producers. We get no help from the Federal governing body. In fact, when I be fighting Enron and the other vitality companies, these same companies were sitting down near Vice President Cheney to draft a national energy strategy."
Signs of trouble first cropped up contained by the spring of 2000 when electricity bills skyrocketed for customers in San Diego, the first nouns of the state to deregulate. Experts warned of an impending verve crisis, but Governor Davis did little to respond until the crisis became statewide that summer. Davis would issue a state of emergency on January 17, 2001, when wholesale electricity prices hit unusual highs and the state begin issuing rolling blackouts.
Some critics on the left, such as Arianna Huffington, alleged that Davis be lulled to inaction by campaign contributions from drive producers. [7] Meanwhile, conservatives argued that Davis signed overpriced energy contracts, employed incompetent negotiator, and refused to allow prices to rise for residences statewide much close to they did in San Diego, which they argue could enjoy given Davis more leverage against the energy traders and prompted more conservation. [8]
The crisis, and the subsequent government intervention, own had political ramification, and is regarded as one of the primary contributing factors to the 2003 hark back to election of Governor Davis.
On November 13, 2003, shortly previously leaving organization, Davis officially brought the punch crisis to an end by issuing a proclamation climax the state of emergency he declared on January 17, 2001. The state of emergency allowed the state to buy electricity for the financially strapped utility companies. The emergency authority allowed Davis to order the California Energy Commission to streamline the application process for trial power plants. During that time, California issued licenses to 38 investigational power plants, amounting to 14,365 megawatts of electricity production when completed.
Arnold Schwarzenegger[edit]
Arnold Schwarzenegger
On May 24, 2001, future governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and former Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan met beside Enron CEO Ken Lay, at the Peninsula Hotel in Beverly Hills, at a assemblage convened for Enron to present its "Comprehensive Solution for California," which called for an train to Federal and state investigations into Enron's role in the California punch crisis.
In September 2003, Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California to replace Governor Davis.
Dick Cheney[edit]
National Energy Development Task Force
Vice President Dick Cheney be appointed in January, 2001 to leader the National Energy Development Task Force. In the Spring of that year, officials of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power met next to the Task Force, asking for price controls to protect consumers. The Task Force refused, and insisted that deregulation must remain surrounded by place.
[edit]
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) was intimately involved next to the handling of the crisis from the summer of 2000. There were within fact three separate FERC investigations.[9]
The Gaming Case, investigating standard allegations of manipulation of the Western energy market.
The Enron Investigation, specifically investigating the involvement of Enron.
The Refund Case, involving wide-ranging rescue of illegal profits made by some companies during the crisis.
As of January 2006, the return case is ongoing.
References
↑ Sources for the chronology include: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Chronology, ERisk.com's The California Energy Crisis 2000-2001,FrontLine's California Crisis Timeline
↑ Susan L. Pope, "California Electricity Price Spikes: An Update on the Facts" (Sept 12, 2002), p.1
↑ FERC Summary of findings
↑ Congestion Manipulation "DeathStar", McCullough Research (June 5, 2002)
↑ Letter from David Fabian to Senator Boxer, February 13, 2002, p.1, quoted within Congestion Manipulation "DeathStar", McCullough Research (June 5, 2002) at p.4.
↑ Widely quoted statement; e.g.: Harley Schlanger (2003). ""California: Davis Comes Out Fighting, Arnie Morphs Into 'Insider' Puppet"". Executive Intelligence Review. The original statement be made in a phone conversation between David Freeman (Chairman of the California Power Authority) and Kenneth Lay (CEO of Enron) within 2000, according to the statements made by Freeman to the Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism in April and May 2002.
↑ Summary of FERC documentation relating to the Western Energy Crisis 2000-2001
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_electricity_crisis )
Energy crisis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, force out
An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) contained by the supply of energy resources to an cutback. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other unconscious resources.
he crisis often have effects on the rest of the economy, next to many recession being cause by an energy crisis within some form. In particular, the production costs of electricity rise, which raise manufacturing costs.
For the consumer, the price of gasoline (petrol) and diesel for cars and other vehicle rises, leading to reduced consumer confidence and spending, complex transportation costs and general price rising.
( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_crisis )